Повредеността на предишните Писания (Коран 2:79): Разлика между версии

Докато ранните ислямски учители като Ибн ал-Лайт, Ибн Раббан, Ибн Кутайба, Ал-Якуби, Ал-Табари, Ал-Бакилани, Ал-Масуди и Ал-Бухари биха го отхвърлили,<ref>Camilla Adang (1996), ''Muslim Writers on Judaism & the Hebrew Bible from Ibn Rabban to Ibn Hazm'', Leiden: Brill. ISBN 90-04-10034-2.</ref><ref> G. Parrinder, ''Jesus in the Qur'an'', Faber and Faber, Лондон 1965г.; Датски превод: Ten Have, Baarn 1978г., стр. 124.</ref> днес е всеобщо разпространено вярването в това, че Коранът определя предишните Писания (Тората и Инджила) като физически повредени от тези, които са имали задължението да ги пазят (юдеите и християните). Следователно Коранът представлява „завръщане“ към истинското послание на Библейския Бог. Ако бъдат помолени да посочат доказателство за тезата си, при която Коранът казва, че предишните Писания са били повредени, апологетите ще представят стих от {{Quran|2|79}} като доказателство:

Изводът е следният: ако физическите писания са били повредени, нямаше ли Аллах да каже, че „потвърждава това, което имате“ или щеше да каже, че „потвърдждава части от това, което имате“ и след това да посочи, че тези текстове не са вече непокътнати. Единствените заключения, които можем да направим от тези заявления на Аллах са, че

(a) юдеите са били грамотни хора – те са познавали своите писания; те „са захвърлили книгата на Аллах зад гърбовете си, сякаш че те не са знаели нищо“. Как са могли те да познават книгата на Аллах, ако тя е била повредена?<BR>

(b) че и юдеите, и християните са имали непокътнати (предполагаеми) откровения от Аллах, когато Коранът е бил разкрит. Понеже имаме ръкописи, които предхождат времето на Мухаммад, които са същите като съвременната Библия, тогава можем да заключим, че писанията, които имаме днес са същите от времето на Мухаммад.

== Was Allah referring to both the Taurat and Injil? ==

We have thus far, given a lot of examples where the Jews were mentioned specifically, or just 'people of the book'. Was Allah referring to the previous scriptures (and corruption) as being just the Taurat, or does he include the Injil?

{{ quote | {{Quran|3|3}}|He has revealed to you the Book with truth, verifying that which is before it, and He revealed the Tavrat and the Injeel aforetime, a guidance for the people, and He sent the Furqan.}}

{{ quote | {{Quran|3|84}}|Say: We believe in Allah and what has been revealed to us, and what was revealed to Ibrahim and Ismail and Ishaq and Yaqoub and the tribes, and what was given to Musa and Isa and to the prophets from their Lord; we do not make any distinction between any of them, and to Him do we submit.}}

{{ quote | {{Quran|4|48}}|Surely Allah does not forgive that anything should be associated with Him, and forgives what is besides that to whomsoever He pleases; and whoever associates anything with Allah, he devises indeed a great sin.}}

{{ quote | {{cite quran|5|43|end=48|style=ref}}|And how do they make you a judge and they have the '''Taurat''' wherein is Allah's judgment? Yet they turn back after that, and these are not the believers. '''Surely We revealed the Taurat in which was guidance and light'''; with it the prophets who submitted themselves (to Allah) judged (matters) for those who were Jews, and the masters of Divine knowledge and the doctors, because they were required to guard (part) of the Book of Allah, and they were witnesses thereof; therefore fear not the people and fear Me, and do not take a small price for My communications; and whoever did not judge by what Allah revealed, those are they that are the unbelievers. And We prescribed to them in it that life is for life, and eye for eye, and nose for nose, and ear for ear, and tooth for tooth, and (that there is) reprisal in wounds; but he who forgoes it, it shall be an expiation for him; and whoever did not judge by what Allah revealed, those are they that are the unjust.''' And We sent after them in their footsteps Isa, son of Mariam, verifying what was before him of the Taurat and We gave him the Injeel''' in which was guidance and light, and verifying what was before it of Taurat and a guidance and an admonition for those who guard (against evil). And the followers of the Injeel should have judged by what Allah revealed in it; and whoever did not judge by what Allah revealed, those are they that are the transgressors. And We have revealed to you the Book with the truth, verifying what is before it of the Book and a guardian over it, therefore judge between them by what Allah has revealed, and do not follow their low desires (to turn away) from the truth that has come to you; for every one of you did We appoint a law and a way, and if Allah had pleased He would have made you (all) a single people, but that He might try you in what He gave you, therefore strive with one another to hasten to virtuous deeds; to Allah is your return, of all (of you), so He will let you know that in which you differed;}}

=== Analysis ===

Confirmed in the above Qur'an verses is the fact that Allah claims to have revealed both the Taurat (to Musa) and Injil (to Isa). Qur'an 5:47 confirms also that the Injil was intact during Muhammad's time, when it says "and the followers of the Injeel should have judged by what Allah revealed in it". This shows, that, in order to judge Muhammad's truthfulness on his prophetic claim, the Christians should have gone to the Injil which they ''had with them'' in order to 'confirm' his claim. Allah is inferring that their scripture, as well as that of the Jews, is uncorrupted.  

== Qur'an 2:79 in Context ==

Many apologists accuse critics of taking the Qur'an 'out of context' in order to make Islam look bad. However in the case of {{Quran|2|79}}, apologists ''need'' to take it out of context in order to 'prove' that the Qur'an says the 'previous scriptures' were physically corrupted. Here it is in context:

{{ quote | {{cite quran|2|78|end=79|style=ref}}|And there are among them illiterates who know not the Book but only lies, and they do but conjecture. Woe, then, to those who write the book with their hands and then say: This is from Allah, so that they may take for it a small price; therefore woe to them for what their hands have written and woe to them for what they earn.}}

So if we were to look at verse 2:79 which is given to us by some as evidence, then it would appear that the Qur'an does charge some (unknown) people with writing a book without knowledge and claiming it is a revelation from Allah. However if we look at the preceding verse, we note that it says that the people who do this are ''illiterate''. This means that have not read Allah's previous revelations.

=== Analysis ===

 

 

 

 

The only verse that slightly resembles Qur'an 2:78-79 is 3:79. However it charges that the Jews knew what their scriptures said, but corrupted it ''with their tongues''.  How are the Jews and Christians supposed to know that the Qur'an verifies their books if they cannot read their own books? Why would Jews hide the book behind their backs if they did not know what it said?

==== Who are the Illiterate and what 'Book' did they write? ====

The Qur'an does not elaborate on exactly what scripture was being written by these 'illiterates', but looking at the evidence above, we know that it is not the people of the Book. There are three possible explanations for who these illiterate people manufacturing scripture were:

*If the People of the Book truly were changing the scripture in their recitations of it to the illiterate people, it is not unreasonable to surmise that an illiterate person (who could not read the original documents) then wrote down (or elaborated on) what they heard in the recitation.

*Allah was originally a pagan moon god; thus these verses could mean that pagans were writing scripture and claiming it was from Allah "The God".

*The Qur'an makes the "Surah Like It" Challenge:

{{ quote | {{Quran|10|38}}|Or do they say: He has forged it? Say: Then bring a chapter like this and invite whom you can besides Allah, if you are truthful.}}

{{ quote | {{Quran|11|13}}|Or, do they say: He has forged it. Say: Then bring ten forged chapters like it and call upon whom you can besides Allah, if you are truthful.}}

{{ quote | {{Quran|17|88}}|Say: If men and jinn should combine together to bring the like of this Quran, they could not bring the like of it, though some of them were aiders of others.}}

{{ quote | {{Quran|52|34}}|Then let them bring an announcement like it if they are truthful.}}

It is most likely that Qur'an 2:78-79 is referring to the people who took up this challenge to produce a surah like it. However, since the Qur'an does not elaborate, we can only say for certainty that it is ''not'' referring to the Jews and Christians.

On review of the evidence, we have learned thus far:

#The Qur'an claims to verify the books that they have with them. This precludes the possibility that the People of the Book had corrupted scriptures in their possession at the time of Muhammad.  The language used in the Qur'an confirms that the whole texts were intact and 'verified' by the Qur'an. Since we have Biblical texts that pre-date Islam, that match what we have today, we know that today's scriptures are the same as they were in and before Muhammad's time.

Consider the evidence: The Qur'an never says the physical scriptures of the previous revelations are corrupt (since we have precluded 2:79). If the previous scriptures are not corrupt, what do we do if the Qur'an contradicts the message of the Bible? Let's see what the Qur'an tells you to do:

{{ quote | {{Quran|21|7}}|And We did not send before you any but men to whom We sent revelation, '''so ask the followers of the reminder''' if you do not}}

'''Therefore Qur'an 2:79 is not referring to the previous scriptures'''

*[http://answering-islam.org/Quran/Bible/index.html How does Islam view the Bible?]'' - [[Answering Islam]]''  

*[http://calculatedrisk.blogtownhall.com/2009/01/24/islamic_claims_that_the_bible_is_corrupted.thtml Islamic Claims that the Bible is Corrupted]'' - Calculated Risk''

==References==

[[Category:Не завършени статии]]