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Уилям Монтгомър Уат

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Уилям Монтгомъри Уот (14.03.1909 г. – 24.10. 2006 г.) е шотландски историк, ориенталист, англикански свещеник и академик. От 1964 г. до 1979 г. е професор по арабски и ислямски изследвания към Единбургския Университет

На Запад Уот беше един от най-изявените немюсюлмански тълкуватели на исляма и според Карол Хиленбранд той бе „ учен с огромно влияние в областта на ислямските изследвания и високо почитано име за множество мюсюлмани по целия свят“. Подробната биография на ислямския пророк Мухаммад „Мухаммад в Мекка“ (1953 г.) и „Мухаммад в Медина“ (1956 г.), дело на Уот, са считани за класика в своята област.[1]

Детство и образование

Уот е роден на 14 март 1909 г. в Серес, Файф, Шотландия.[2] Баща му, който умира, когато Уат е само на 1 г. и 2 м., е бил служител в Църквата на Шотландия.[2][1]

Кариера

Свещеническо служение

Уот е ръкоположен за дякон през 1939 г. и за свещеник през 1940 г.[3] в Шотландската епископална църква. Служи при църквата „Сейнт Мери“ на ул. Дъ Болтънс, Уест Бромптън към Лондонския диоцез от 1939 г. до 1941 г.[3] Когато „Сейнт Мери“ е разрушена от германските бомбардировки, той се премества в църквата „Олд Сейнт Пол“, Единбург, за да продължи своята подготовка. [3] От 1943 до 1946 г. служи като специалист по арабски към Англиканския епископ на Йерусалим.[2]

After Watt returned to academia in 1946, he never again held a full-time religious appointment. He did, however, continue his ministry with part-time and honorary positions. From 1946 to 1960, he was an honorary curate at Old Saint Paul's, Edinburgh, an Anglo-Catholic church in Edinburgh.[3] He became a member of the ecumenical Iona Community in Scotland in 1960.[1] From 1960 to 1967, he was an honorary curate at St Columba's-by-the-Castle, near Edinburgh Castle.[3] Between 1980 and 1993, following his retirement from academia, he was an honorary curate at St Mary the Virgin, Dalkeith and at St Leonard's Church, Lasswade.[3]

Academic career

He was Professor of Arabic and Islamic Studies at the University of Edinburgh from 1964–79.

He has been called "the Last Orientalist".[4]

Watt held visiting professorships at the University of Toronto, the Collège de France, and Georgetown University

Later life

Watt died in Edinburgh on 24 October 2006 at the age of 97.[5]

Honours

Watt received the American Giorgio Levi Della Vida Medal and won, as its first recipient, the British Society for Middle Eastern Studies award for outstanding scholarship.[1]

Watt received an Honorary Doctorate from Aberdeen University.[6]

Watt's views

Watt believed that the Qur'an was divinely inspired, though not infallibly true.[4]

Martin Forward, a 21st-century non-Muslim Islamic scholar, states:

{{{2}}}
His books have done much to emphasize the Prophet's commitment to social justice; Watt has described him as being like an Old Testament prophet, who came to restore fair dealing and belief in one God to the Arabs, for whom these were or had become irrelevant concepts. This would not be a sufficiently high estimate of his worth for most Muslims, but it's a start. Frankly, it's hard for Christians to say affirmative things about a religion like Islam that postdates their own, which they are brought up to believe contains all things necessary for salvation. And it's difficult for Muslims to face the fact that Christians aren't persuaded by the view that Christianity is only a stop on the way to Islam, the final religion."[7]

Carole Hillenbrand, a professor of Islamic History at the University of Edinburgh, states:[1]

{{{2}}}
He was not afraid to express rather radical theological opinions – controversial ones in some Christian ecclesiastical circles. He often pondered on the question of what influence his study of Islam had exerted on him in his own Christian faith. As a direct result, he came to argue that the Islamic emphasis on the uncompromising oneness of God had caused him to reconsider the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, which is vigorously attacked in the Koran as undermining true monotheism.
Influenced by Islam, with its 99 names of God, each expressing special attributes of God, Watt returned to the Latin word "persona" – which meant a "face" or "mask", and not "individual", as it now means in English – and he formulated the view that a true interpretation of Trinity would not signify that God comprises three individuals. For him, Trinity represents three different "faces" of the one and the same God.

His account of the origin of Islam met with criticism from other scholars such as John Wansbrough of the University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies, and Patricia Crone and Michael Cook, in their book Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World (1977), and Crone's Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam.[8]

Criticism

Pakistani academic, Zafar Ali Qureshi, in his book, Prophet Muhammad and His Western Critics: A Critique of W. Montgomery Watt and Others has criticized Watt as having incorrectly portrayed the life of Muhammad in his works.[9] Qureshi's book was praised by Turkish academic İbrahim Kalın,[10] and has been seen by its proponents as an attempt at countering orientalist bias, inaccuracies and distortion.[11] Qureshi makes his case against Watt by stating:

Шаблон:Blockquote

Georges-Henri Bousquet has mocked Watt's book, Muhammad at Mecca, as an "A Marxist interpretation of the origins of Islam by an Episcopal clergyman."[12][13]

Selected works

References

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Template error: argument титла is required. 
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Template error: argument титла is required. 
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 Шаблон:Crockford
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Interview: William Montgomery Watt
  5. ↑ The Herald, The Scotsman, The Times, 27 October 2006
  6. ↑ "Lecture by Professor Carole Hillenbrand in event: Islamic Studies in Scotland: Retrospect and Prospect", 2016-12-13, http://www.ed.ac.uk/files/atoms/files/professor_carole_hillenbrand.pdf. 
  7. ↑ The Prophet Muhammad: A mercy to mankind Шаблон:Webarchive (dead link)
  8. ↑ Patricia Crone, Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam, Princeton University Press. 1987 [1]
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite

External links

Шаблон:Authority control

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