Аллах не ви забранява (Коран 60:8): Разлика между версии
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=== Ибн Катир === | === Ибн Катир === | ||
{{Quote|Забраната за приемане на юдеи, християни и врагове на исляма като приятели<br> | |||
[[Тафсир]] на [[Ибн Катир]]|„Аллах забранява на вярващите си слуги да имат за приятели юдеи и християни, защото те са врагове на исляма и неговия народ, нека Аллах да ги прокълне. След това Аллах заявява, че те са приятели помежду си и отправя предупредителна заплаха към онези, които правят това.“}} | |||
=== Al-Munajid === | === Al-Munajid === | ||
Версия от 16:47, 13 септември 2023
Тази статия анализира твърдението на апологетите, че стих 60:8 от Корана позволява на мюсюлманите да се сприятеляват с немюсюлмани.
Коран 60:8
Стихът
Значение и контекст на стиха
Хадис от имам Ахмед, Тафсир ибн Катир
Твърдостта
Коран
Обяснение на тези коранични стихове
Ибн Катир обяснява значението на кораничния стих за „твърдостта“:
(Мухаммад е Пратеникът на Аллах.) и това качество включва всяко красиво описание. Аллах възхвалява Сподвижниците на Пратеника, Аллах да ги благослови всички тях,
(тези, които са с него, са сурови към неверниците, милостиви помежду си.) също както Той, Всевишният и Най-Почитаният, е казал в друг аят,
(Аллах ще доведе хора, които обича и те ще Го обичат смирени към вярващите, непреклонни към неверниците)(5:54) Това е описанието на вярващите; твърди към неверниците, милостиви и учтиви към вярващи, гневни и неусмихнати пред неверниците, усмихнати и сияещи от удоволствие пред вярващия брат. Всевишният Аллах е казал в друг аят,
(О, вярващи! Сражавайте се с неверниците, които са ви наблизо, и нека намерят твърдост у вас) (9:123) Пророкът е казал,
Притчата за вярващите с тяхната доброта и милост към друг е тази за тялото: когато един органите му се разболее, останалата част от тялото реагира с треска и безсъние.) Пророкът също така е казал,
(Вярващият към друг вярващ е като сграда, чиито различни части се укрепяват взаимно.)Тафсир ибн Катир
Хадиси
Учените
Ахмад Сирхинди (починал през 1624 г.) е бил известен ислямски учен. Смята се, че той е съживил исляма, заради което обикновено бива наричан „Муджадид Алф Тани“, което значи „възродител на второто хилядолетие“.
Кафир и ислямът са противоположни един на друг. Напредъкът на едното е възможно само за сметка на другото и съжителството между тези две противоположни помежду си религии е немислимо.
Честта на исляма се основава върху унижаването на куфр и кафирите. Този, който уважава кафирите, безчести мюсюлманите. Да ги уважаваме не означава просто да ги почитаме и да им отреждаме почетно място в което и да е събрание, но също така означава да си обшуваме с тях или да им показваме почести. Те трябва да бъдат държани на една ръка разстояние като кучета... Ако някоя светска работа не може да бъде осъществена без тях, в такъв случай трябва да се установяват ограничени контакти, но без да им се доверява нещо. Най-високите ислямски мнения твърдят, че е по-добре да се откажете от светската работа и че не трябва да се установяват никакви отношения с кафирите.
Истинската цел на налагането на джизия върху тях е да бъдат унижени до такава степен, че поради страх от джизията, те да не могат да се обличат добре и да живеят достойно. Те трябва постоянно да бъдат държани в страх и трепет. Целта е да ги презираме и да поддържаме честта и мощта на исляма.
. . .
Хадиси, които забраняват приятелството
Само благосчестивите вярващи са били приятели на Мухаммад
Омар е изхвърлил християнин от Медина
Омар каза:„ Нечист ли е?“ Абу Муса каза: „Не, но е християнин.“ Абу Муса каза: „ И така Омар ме предупреди и убоде бедрото ми (с пръст), казвайки: „Изгони го (от Ал-Медина).“ След това той изрецитира,"
(О, вярващи! Не приемайте юдеите и християните за приятели...) Тогава той съобщи, че Абдула бин Утба е казал: „Внимавайте, някой от вас да не се окаже юдеин или християнин, макар и да не го знае“. Разказвачът на това изказване каза: „Мислехме, че той има предвид този аят“.Мъж започва да следва религията на своя приятел
Бъдете само с вярващи хора
Който се присъедини към политеисти, той е като него
Не приемайте врагове за приятели
Мухаммад е изпратен да прекрати приятелство
Книгата на Ибн Исхак е изгубена, но по-голямата част от нея се цитира в Ибн Хишам и Ал Табари, както и от много други историци, за да се формира Сирата, която формира около 26% от доктрината на исляма.
Мнения на ислямските учени
Ибн Катир
Al-Munajid
Sheikh Munajid has issued the fatwa (religious ruling) that it is wrong to take Kuffar as friends. However, he says it is okay to treat them with kindness.
With regard to non-Muslims, the Muslim should disavow himself of them, and he should not feel any love in his heart towards them: [Quotes Qur'an 60:1 & Qur'an 60:4]
But this does not mean that a Muslim cannot interact with them in a nice manner that will encourage them to enter Islam, so long as that is within the guidelines of sharee’ah, as Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): [Quotes Qur'an 60:8]
[The fatwa goes on to quote the following Islamic scriptures:...Muslim narrated in his Saheeh (2674); Qur'an 4:97-98; Abu Dawood narrated in his Sunan (2645); al-Tirmidhi narrated in his Jaami’ (1640); Ibn al-Qayyim said in Tahdheeb al-Sunan (‘Awn, 7/304); Abu Dawood (2787); al-Haakim (2/141); Imam Ahmad (4/365); and al-Nasaa’i (4177)]
These texts indicate that the basic principle is that the Muslim should not settle among the kuffaar in their countries, and that he is obliged to move from those lands to the Muslim lands. An exception is made from that if his staying there is necessary, but necessity should not be blown out of proportion. If the Muslim has to be with them (the non-Muslims) physically, he should not be with them in his heart, and he must avoid mixing with them unnecessarily...
...Something else that will help you to stop mixing with non-Muslims is to remember that these kaafirs – even though they may have good manners and some good qualities – also do a number of seriously wrong things, any one of which is sufficient to nullify any good deeds that they may do. Among these evil things is the belief of the Christians – for example – that God is one of three (trinity), as Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): [Quotes Qur'an 5:73]
The other kaafir nations all attribute partners to Allaah, or else they do not believe in God at all.
The kuffaar in general do not believe in the Qur’aan or in the message of our Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), rather they reject the Qur’aan and they reject our Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him); so how can a Muslim be inclined towards them with their kufr and misguidance? Even if they give you some of your rights by treating you nicely, they do not give Allaah His rights and they do not give the Qur’aan its rights and they do not give our Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) his rights. The rights of Allaah and His Book and His Prophet are more important than our personal rights. Remember this, for this is one of the things that will help you to hate them and regard them as enemies until they believe in Allaah alone, as mentioned in the aayah quoted above (interpretation of the meaning): [Quotes Qur'an 60:4]
Being friends with non-Muslims
Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 11793
Ibn Taymiyah
“Imitation generates friendship and love, and regarding them as allies in the inside, just as loving them on the inside generates imitating them on the outside.” Allaah tells us that there is no (true) believer who takes a kaafir as a friend, for whoever takes a kaafir as friend is not a believer. Imitation on the outside implies that a person loves (the one whom he imitates), and so it is forbidden.”
Non-Muslim Religious Celebrations and Ruling on participataing
Ibn Taymiyyah
“The Qur’aan, Sunnah and ijmaa’ (scholarly consensus) all indicate that we must differ from the kuffaar in all aspects and not imitate them, because imitating them on the outside will make us imitate them in their bad deeds and habits, and even in beliefs, which will result in befriending them in our hearts, just as loving them in our hearts will lead to imitating them on the outside
Ibn Taymiyyah
Shaykh Saed Abdul-Rahman
Shaykh Saed Abdul Rahman who is the Author of many fatwa books has ruled that Muslims should not take non-Muslims as friends. A Muslim should not even live near the "Kuffar" unless he promotes Islam.
These text indicate that muslims should not settle amongst the Kuffar in their country and that he is obliged to move from those lands to muslim lands. An exception is made....
Islam: Questions and Answers - Alliance and Amity, Disavowal and Enmity, p.49
Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman
They have also ruled that it is haram to show condolences towards the Kuffar if one of them dies. However there are exceptions.
Offering condolences to a kaafir if one of his loved ones – a friend or relative – dies. There is a difference of opinion among the scholars concerning this issue. Some of the scholars say that it is haraam to offer condolences to them, and some say that it is permissible. Some of them added further details and said that if that serves an interest, such as the hope that they may become Muslim and it may ward off their evil which could not be done except by offering condolences, then it is permissible, otherwise it is haraam. The more correct view is if that offering condolences to them is regarded as a kind of honouring them, then it is haraam, otherwise we should look at what is in the best interests.
Islam: Questions and Answers - Alliance and Amity, Disavowal and Enmity, p.27
Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman
Al-Shanqeeti
In this verse [5:51] Allaah tells us that whoever takes the Jews and Christians as friends is one of them because of his taking them as friends. Elsewhere Allaah states that taking them as friends incurs the wrath of Allaah and His eternal punishment, and that if the one who takes them as friends was a true believer he would not have taken them as friends. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning)
Taking non-Muslims as friends
Fatwa by Shaykh al-Shanqeeti
Responses to Apologetics
Awliya means 'protector'
Some say the word Awliyā' (أولياء) only means 'protector', not 'friend'. But this is not true, as the Islamic phrase walīyu 'llāh (ولي الله), means 'friend of God'. To say walīyu 'llāh means “protector of God”, is slanderous in Islam. The word Al-Waliyu is also one of the 99 names of Allah.
We can marry non-Muslims
Some people say that Muslims can marry non-Muslims, therefore they can befriend them. This is false. It is forbidden for a Muslim women to marry a non-Muslim.
A fatwa issued in August 2007 by the secretary-general of the Assembly of Muslim Jurists in America (AMJA), Dr. Sheikh Salah Al-Sawy, states that marriage between a Muslim woman and a non-Muslim man is forbidden and invalid, and a child born like this is illegitmate:
"Marriage between a Muslim woman and a non-Muslim [man] is forbidden and invalid - that is a consensus among Muslims. A [Muslim] woman who has taken the liberty [of marrying a non-Muslim man] has removed herself from the fold of the Muslim community - and one who has done so knowing that it is wrong, has done something strictly forbidden, and has committed an open [act of] abomination that may hurl her into the abyss of heresy and apostasy.
“The wisdom of the religious ban [against the marriage of a Muslim woman to a non-Muslim man lies in] its preventing [the woman] from being tempted away from her faith. The Koran justifies this ban by saying that these marriages ‘beckon [the believer] to the Fire of Hell; Koran 2:221.’
"[The Koran says]: 'Do not marry unbelieving women, until they believe: A slave woman who believes is better than an unbelieving woman, even though she allures you. Nor marry (your girls) to unbelievers until they believe: A man slave who believes is better than an unbeliever, even though he allures you. Unbelievers do [but] beckon you to the Fire. But Allah beckons by His Grace to the Garden [of bliss] and forgiveness [Koran 2:221].'
"The excuse that one is unable to find a [Muslim] partner for marriage is completely invalid, both from a religious and from a practical point of view... for one who is unable to find a spouse must remain chaste until Allah delivers him [from his plight], for Allah has said: 'Let those who cannot find a match keep themselves chaste, until Allah gives them means out of His grace [Koran 24:33].'
"[Marriage between a Muslim woman and a non-Muslim man] is invalid and despicable, for we know, and anyone who has contact with the Muslim communities in the West knows, that the number of [Muslim] men seeking marriage is growing. When Muslim women behave in a righteous manner and frequent the mosque, they will receive plenty of marriage proposals and have plenty of [suitable partners] from whom to choose... "The excuse that [the man and woman] share an emotional bond, which comes to justify that which is forbidden, is one of the most despicable excuses..."
Fatwa by Influential U.S. Muslim Jurist Forbids Marriage of Muslim Woman & Non-Muslim Man
Furthermore, the marriage of Muslim men to non-Muslim women was not encouraged by Umar.
"`Umar disliked this practice so that the Muslims do not refrain from marrying Muslim women, or for similar reasons." An authentic chain of narrators stated that Shaqiq said: Once Hudhayfah married a Jewish woman and `Umar wrote to him, "Divorce her." He wrote back, "Do you claim that she is not allowed for me so that I divorce her He said, "No. But, I fear that you might marry the whores from among them." Ibn Jarir related that Zayd bin Wahb said that `Umar bin Khattab said, "The Muslim man marries the Christian woman, but the Christian man does not marry the Muslim woman."
Conclusion
This is what the Qur'an says about people who want to befriend non-Muslims.
Those in whose hearts is a disease - thou seest how eagerly they run about amongst them, saying: "We do fear lest a change of fortune bring us disaster." Ah! perhaps Allah will give (thee) victory, or a decision according to His will. Then will they repent of the thoughts which they secretly harboured in their hearts.
Qur'an 5:52
"O ye who believe! take not the Jews and the Christians for your friends and protectors: They are but friends and protectors to each other. And he amongst you that turns to them (for friendship) is of them. Verily Allah guideth not a people unjust."
Qur'an 5:51
See Also
- Misinterpreted Verses - A hub page that leads to other articles related to Misinterpreted Verses
- Non-Muslims - A hub page that leads to other articles related to Non-Muslims
References
- ↑ Excerpted from Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi, Muslim Revivalist Movements in Northern India in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (Agra, Lucknow: Agra University, Balkrishna Book Co., 1965), pp.247-50; and Yohanan Friedmann, Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity (Montreal, Quebec: McGill University, Institute of Islamic Studies, 1971), pp. 73-74.
- ↑ Ruling on shaving the beard - Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 1189
- ↑ Glossary of Islam. Glossary of the Middle East. Accessed May 30, 2010.
- ↑ "Walī (a., pl. awliyā;)", Encyclopaedia of Islam
- ↑ Извадка от Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi, Мюсюлмански възрожденски движения в Северна Индия през шестнадесети и седемнадесети век (Agra, Lucknow: Agra University, Balkrishna Book Co., 1965), стр.247-50; и Yohanan Friedmann, Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: Очертание на Неговата мисъл и изследване на Неговия образ в очите на потомството (Монреал, Квебек: Университет Макгил, Институт за ислямски изследвания, 1971), стр. 73-74.