Диакритичните знаци в Корана: Разлика между версии
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[[File:Sura_24_without_vowels_dots.jpg|right|thumb|215px|Арабски шрифт от Коран от 150 г. по Хиджра, показващ сура 24:34-36 без огласовки и точки.]] | [[File:Sura_24_without_vowels_dots.jpg|right|thumb|215px|Арабски шрифт от Коран от 150 г. по Хиджра, показващ сура 24:34-36 без огласовки и точки.]] | ||
В тази статия разглеждаме използването на диакритичните знаци и проблемите, които те поставят, когато биват добавени към Корана на [[Арабски език|арабски език]]. | |||
The earliest manuscripts of the [[Qur'an]] made very limited use of [[Arabic_letters_and_diacritics#The_Arabic_Diacritics|diacritical marks]], which is true also of other early [[Arabic]] documents of the 7th century. Dots (or small dashes) to distingish homographic consonants such as ت and ب were used only sporadically at first, and markings for short vowels begin to be seen in the late 7th / early 8th century CE, when coloured dots are introduced for that purpose, indicating a wide variety of reading traditions. There was also a lack of word-internal alifs in such manuscripts. Hamza and tanwin are not marked in early manuscripts either, though academic research has demonstrated that these were not spoken in the [[Internal Rhymes as Evidence for Old Hijazi|Old Hijazi]] dialect in which the Quran was originally uttered, and there was a reduced grammatical case ending system which was later classicized. | The earliest manuscripts of the [[Qur'an]] made very limited use of [[Arabic_letters_and_diacritics#The_Arabic_Diacritics|diacritical marks]], which is true also of other early [[Arabic]] documents of the 7th century. Dots (or small dashes) to distingish homographic consonants such as ت and ب were used only sporadically at first, and markings for short vowels begin to be seen in the late 7th / early 8th century CE, when coloured dots are introduced for that purpose, indicating a wide variety of reading traditions. There was also a lack of word-internal alifs in such manuscripts. Hamza and tanwin are not marked in early manuscripts either, though academic research has demonstrated that these were not spoken in the [[Internal Rhymes as Evidence for Old Hijazi|Old Hijazi]] dialect in which the Quran was originally uttered, and there was a reduced grammatical case ending system which was later classicized. | ||
Due to such limited use of diacritical marks in the earliest Quranic manuscripts, as well as the variant oral reading traditions, and also because Muhammad may have allowed leeway in the reading of each word, it is sometimes not possible to have confidence in the original meaning of the [[Textual History of the Qur'an|consonantal text standardised by Caliph Uthman around 650 CE]], though for the majority of the text there was agreement. Through the abundance of opportunities to make mistakes it is likely true that the Qur'an has been altered at least through grammatical changes, individual letters, and sometimes changes to individual words, so that we cannot be sure which (if any) of the variant reading traditions and associated manuscripts correctly preserve the original Quran to the letter or even to the word, as many claim, even as standardised under Uthman. | Due to such limited use of diacritical marks in the earliest Quranic manuscripts, as well as the variant oral reading traditions, and also because Muhammad may have allowed leeway in the reading of each word, it is sometimes not possible to have confidence in the original meaning of the [[Textual History of the Qur'an|consonantal text standardised by Caliph Uthman around 650 CE]], though for the majority of the text there was agreement. Through the abundance of opportunities to make mistakes it is likely true that the Qur'an has been altered at least through grammatical changes, individual letters, and sometimes changes to individual words, so that we cannot be sure which (if any) of the variant reading traditions and associated manuscripts correctly preserve the original Quran to the letter or even to the word, as many claim, even as standardised under Uthman. | ||
==Дилемата на Корана== | |||
Бихме желали да осведомим нашите читатели за граматичните проблеми в Корана на арабски език и главно тези, свързани с диакритичните знаци. Арабската писмена система е била все още в процес на развитие по времето на Мухаммад и поради тази причина Коранът първоначално е бил написан без съвременните диакритични знаци. Те са добавени доста години след последното коранично откровение и последвалата смърт на Мухаммад. Проблемът тук е, че добавянето или изваждането на диакритични знаци променя коренно значението на арабския текст, като по този начин потенциално се променя и книгата на Аллах. | |||
==Modern Academic Research== | ==Modern Academic Research== | ||