Тази статия анализира твърдението на апологетите, често използвано от Мюсюлманска общност Ахмадия, че според исляма християните и евреите, които се придържат към своята вяра, ще влязат в Рая заедно с мюсюлманите. Тя също така обяснява какво всъщност казват ислямските текстове за християните и евреите в Отвъдното.
Коран
2:62
Този стих често се цитира в опит да се докаже, че ислямът е толерантен и включващ други религии, тъй като изглежда предполага, че християни, евреи и мюсюлмани всички ще бъдат допуснати в рая.
Онези, които вярват, и юдеите, и християните, и сабеите, онези [от тях] които вярват в Аллах и в Сетния ден, и вършат праведни дела, имат наградата си при своя Господ и не ще има страх за тях, и не ще скърбят.
Други
Коран 5:69
По-малко цитиран, но доста сходен като значение на предходния стих е следният:
Вярващите и юдеите, и сабеите, и християните - които [от тях] повярват в Аллах и в Сетния ден, и вършат праведни дела - наистина за тях не ще има страх и не ще скърбят.
Анализ
Коран
Мухаммад
Коранът определя като предмет на исляма това да се вярва в Аллах и на всички Негови пратеници (пророци). В това число и на пророка Мухаммад. Според Корана, когато Моисей е дошъл с Тората, е било необходимо да бъде следван, когато Иисус е дошъл с Инджила (Новия завет), е било необходимо да се изоставят законите на Мойсей и да се следва Него. И накрая, когато Мухаммад е дошъл с Корана, е станало необходимо да се напусне учението на Иисус и да се последва исляма.
и които вярват в
низпосланото на теб и в низпосланото преди теб , и в отвъдния живот са убедени. Тези са напътени от своя Господ и тези са сполучилите.
Кажи: “О, хора на Писанието, вие сте без опора, докато не спазите Тората и Евангелието,
и низпосланото ви от вашия Господ. И у мнозина измежду им низпосланото на теб от твоя Господ увеличава тяхното престъпване и неверие.
И не скърби за неверниците!.
На тези, които повярваха в Аллах
и в Неговите пратеници, и не отделяха никого измежду тях, Той ще им даде наградите. Аллах е опрощаващ, милосърден.
Няколко стиха изрично определят „вярващите“ като тези, които приемат пророчеството на Мухаммад. На „неверниците“, които не го направят, им се казва, че грешат и са осъдени на „изгарящия огън“.
Пратеника повярва в онова, което му бе низпослано от неговия Господ, повярваха и вярващите. Всеки от тях повярва в Аллах и в Неговите ангели, и Неговите писания,
и Неговите пратеници. [И казаха:] “Разлика не правим между никого от Неговите пратеници.” И рекоха: “Чухме и се подчинихме. Опрости ни, Господи наш! Към Теб е завръщането.”
О, вярващи, вярвайте в Аллах
и в Неговия Пратеник,и в Книгата, която е низпослал на Своя Пратеник, и в Писанието, което е низпослал преди!
А който отрича вярата в Аллах и в Неговите ангели, и в Неговите писания, и в Неговите пратеници, и в Сетния ден, той дълбоко се е заблудил.
А за онези, които не вярват в Аллах
и в Неговия Пратеник - Ние сме приготвили
за неверниците пламъци.
Ислямът
Коранът заявява ясно, че никоя религия, освен исляма, няма да бъде приета от Аллах в Отвъдното.
Ислямът е религията при Аллах. Дарените с Писанието изпаднаха в разногласие заради злобата помежду им, едва след като знанието дойде при тях. А за невярващите в знаменията на Аллах - Аллах бързо прави равносметка.
А който търси друга религия освен Исляма, тя не ще му се приеме и в отвъдния живот той е от губещите.
Ако приемем тълкуванието на стих 2:62, представено от апологетите, би означавало да приемем също и че Коранът съдържа в себе си едно крещящо противоречие. Но както и повечето мюсюлмани са наясно, това вече не е противоречие, ако се вземе под внимание доктрината за отмяна на аяти с други (Насик).
Коментари
По-долу е поместено какво казват Тафсир и Фикх за стих 2:62 и неговото значение.
Тафсир на Ибн Аббас
След това Аллах продължи, като изреди вярващите сред тях, казвайки: (Ето! Тези, които вярват) в
Мойсей и всички останали пророци, те ще получат наградата си от своя Господ в рая; те няма да се страхуват вечно и няма да скърбят безкрайно. Казано е, че това означава: няма да ги сполети страх от мъченията в бъдещия живот, нито ще скърбят за нещо, което са оставили след себе си. И също така е казано, че това означава: те няма да се страхуват, когато смъртта е унищожена и адът е затворен.
Тогава Той спомена онези, които не вярваха в Мойсей или в другите пророци, казвайки: (и тези, които са юдеи), които се отклониха от религията на Мойсей, (и християните) тези, които станаха християни (и сабейци), християнска секта, чиито членове се бръснат в средата на главите им, прочетете Евангелието, поклонете се на ангелите и кажете: „сърцата ни се върнаха (сабаат) при Аллах“, (който вярва) измежду тях (в Аллах и Последния ден и върши правда) в това, което е между тях и техния Господ, (със сигурност наградата им е при техния Господ и няма да ги сполети страх, нито ще скърбят).
Сура 2 Аят 62Тафсир Ибн Аббас, преведен от Мокране Гезу, Кралски Ал-Байт Ислямски Институт
След като Аллах описа състоянието - и наказанието - на онези, които се противопоставят на Неговите заповеди, попадат в Неговите забрани и престъпват определените граници, като извършват забранени действия,
той заявява, че по-ранните народи, които са били праведни и покорни, са получили наградата за своите добри дела. Така ще бъде до Съдния ден. Следователно, всеки, който следва неграмотния Пратеник и Пророк, ще придобие вечно щастие и няма да се страхува от това, което ще се случи в бъдеще, нито ще се натъжи за загубеното в миналото. По същия начин Аллах каза:
(Не се съмнявайте! Наистина, аулия‘та (приятелите) на Аллах няма да ги сполети страх, нито ще скърбят (10:62). Ангелите ще възвестяват на умиращите вярващи, както беше казано,
(Наистина, онези, които казват: „Нашият Господ е (само) Аллах“ и след това останат твърди, над тях ангелите ще се спуснат (по време на смъртта им) (казвайки): „Не се бойте, нито скърбете! Но получете радостната вест за Рая, който ви е обещан!“). (41:30)
Али бин Аби Таллах разказва от Ибн Аббас относно:
(Наистина, онези, които вярват и тези, които са евреи и християни, и сабианци, които вярват в Аллах и Последния ден), че Аллах е разкрил следния аят след това, (И който търси религия, различна от исляма, никога няма да бъде приет от Него, а в отвъдното той ще бъде един от губещите) (3:85).
This statement by Ibn `Abbas indicates that Allah does not accept any deed or work from anyone, unless it conforms to the Law of Muhammad that is, after Allah sent Muhammad . Before that, every person who followed the guidance of his own Prophet was on the correct path, following the correct guidance and was saved.
When Allah sent Muhammad as the Last and Final Prophet and Messenger to all of the Children of Adam, mankind was required to believe in him, obey him and refrain from what he prohibited them; those who do this are true believers. The Ummah of Muhammad was called `Mu'minin' (believers), because of the depth of their faith and certainty, and because they believe in all of the previous Prophets and matters of the Unseen.
Tafsir Al-Jalalayn
Surely those who believe, [who believed] before, in the prophets, and those of Jewry, the Jews, and the Christians, and the Sabaeans, a Christian or Jewish sect, whoever,
from among them, believes in God and the Last Day, in the time of our Prophet, and performs righteous deeds, according to the Law given to him — their wage, that is, the reward for their deeds, is with their Lord, and no fear shall befall them, neither shall they grieve (the [singular] person of the verbs āmana, ‘believes’, and ‘amila, ‘performs’, takes account of the [singular] form of man, ‘whoever’, but in what comes afterwards [of the plural pronouns] its [plural] meaning [is taken into account]).
Surah 2 Ayah 62Tafsir al-Jalalayn, trans. Feras Hamza, Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought
Maariful Quran
In order to dispel such a misgiving, the present verse lays down a general principle: no matter how a man has been behaving earlier, so long as he submits himself fully to the commandments of Allah in his beliefs and in his deeds both, he is acceptable to Allah, and will get his reward.
It is obvious enough that after the revelation of the Holy Qur'an, which is the last message of Allah, perfect obedience to Allah can only mean accepting Islam and following the Last Prophet Muhammad.
One might also ask why the verse mentions the Muslims, for if it is an invitation to Islam, there is no need to extend the invitation to those who have already accepted Islam. But if we keep in mind the richly concentrated style of the Holy Qur'an,and try to look beyond the literal sense of the words into the implications and suggestions contained in the verse, we would find that the inclusion of the Muslim factor has added a new dimension to the meaning. It is es if a king should,in a similar situation,say that his laws are impartially applicable to all his subjects, and that whosoever obeys them shall receive his reward for obedience irrespective of whether he has earlier been a friend or a foe.
We had better dispel another misunderstanding which is likely to arise from the wordings of the present verse -- and, which is actually being promoted by certain 'modernizers'. The verse mentions only two articles of faith of the Islamic creed -- faith in Allah and faith in the Day of Judgment. This should not be taken to mean that in order to attain salvation it is enough to have faith only in Allah and in the Day of Judgment. Fcr, the Holy Qur'an repeatedly declares that he who does not believe in the prophets, in angels and in the Books of Allah is not a Muslim. Faith in Allah is the first article in the Islamic creed, while faith in the Day of Judgment is the last. By mentioning only these two, the verse intends to say in a succinct manner that it is necessary to have faith in all the articles of the creed, from the first to the last. Moreover, it is through the prophets and the Books of Allah alone that man can acquire any knowledge of the essence and the attributes of Allah and of what is to happen on the Day of Judgment, while the Books of Allah are revealed to the prophets through an angel. So, it is not possible to have faith in Allah and the Day of Judgment until and unless one has faith in the angels, in the Books of Allah and in the prophets.
Surah 2 Ayah 62Maulana Mufti Mohammad Shafi, trans. Prof. Muhammad Hasan Askari & Prof. Muhammad Shamim
Response to "modernizers" in the footnotes to the commentary:
23.Contrary to the flaccid fancies of some "modernizers" who are very happy with themselves over their "liberalism" and "tolerance", the present verse does not open the way to salvation for each and every "man of good will" irrespective of the creed he follows. If one reads the verse in its proper context and along with other relevant verses of the Holy Qur'an, one will easily see that the verse, in fact, promises salvation in the other world only to those who accept Islam. It is a n invitation to Islam extended to the Jews, the Christians, the Sabeans and, as a matter of fact, to the followers of all possible religions, and even to non-believers -- specific names only serve as examples.
Surah 2 Ayah 62Maulana Mufti Mohammad Shafi, trans. Prof. Muhammad Hasan Askari & Prof. Muhammad Shamim
Biyan-ul-Quran
Some wrong headed and evil mongers in our time have tried to deceive people arguing erroneously from this ayah. They say that to achieve salvation one does not need to believe in the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and the two articles of faith discussed here i.e. belief in Allah (SWT) and in the hereafter, are enough for ones salvation. On the other hand this ayah makes it clear that it is not giving the detail of all the articles of faith which one should believe in. Those are mentioned elsewhere at numerous places. In fact this ayah clarifies the misconception that the Jews had, that they are the chosen ones and only they would enter the Paradise. On the contrary Allah (SWT) says that your salvation does not depend upon your lineage or your race but on the basis whether you are righteous or not.
As far as the belief in Prophet Muhammad (SAW) is concerned, we would like to point out the fact that, in the sixth ruku of this surah, Allah (SWT) invites the Jews to accept Islam by believing in the Prophethood of Muhammad (SAW) in order to achieve salvation and eternal bliss.
So how can it be that the belief of a person is complete without believing in Prophet Muhammad (SAW). The context of this ayah clarifies that those people who were Jews, Christians or Sabians, and followed their own Prophet before the advent of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and they believed in Allah (SWT) and the hereafter, did righteous deeds will have their rewards from Allah (SWT). But once Allah (SWT) revealed Qur’an to Prophet Muhammad (SAW), it has become incumbent on a person to believe in him and the last revealed Book, along with other articles of faith.
Dawat ul Quran
Another very important point must be made clear here.
It would be wrong to interpret the verse as implying that salvation depends upon virtuous conduct alone.According to such a view , one who observed one’s own religion, believed in Allah and the Hereafter and was righteous in deeds deserved salvation.
This interpretation, however is farthest from the teachings of Quran and amounts to introducing an unjustifiable change in it. In this verse, the details of true belief, faith and righteous conduct are not being explained at all; they are mentioned in other places in Quran.
Allah recognizes no belief or faith which does not accept that Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) is the last prophet of Allah and Quran is his true (undistorted) book. Without this belief, righteous conduct is of no avail because righteousness itself is determined by the observance of Muhammad’s shariah (pbuh). Quran is replete with such teachings, for example Surah-al-Baqarah has this as the central theme: it invites people to believe in revelation of the Quran and the prophethood of Muhammad(pbuh). This point is repeatedly stressed in many places in Quran, Allah says
With Allah, the accepted religion is Islam (Al-e-Imran 19)
Any person who will seek any religion other than Islam, it will not be accepted and he will be among the losers in the Hereafter (Al-e-Imran 85)
Reliance of the Traveller
Suddi states that (2:62) was revealed about the former companions of Salman the Persian when he mentioned them to the Prophet, relating how they had been, saying, "They used to pray, fast, and believe in you, and testify that you would be sent as a prophet." When he had finished praising them,
the Prophet replied, "Salman, they are the denizens of hell," which came to discomfit Salman greatly, and so Allah revealed (2:62).
The faith of the Jews was that of whoever adhered to the Torah and the sunna of Moses until the coming of Jesus. When Jesus came, whoever held fast to the Torah and the sunna of Moses without giving them up and following Jesus was lost.
The faith of the Christians was that whoever adhered to the Gospel and precepts of Jesus, their faith was valid and acceptable until the coming of Muhammad. Those of them who did not then follow Muhammad and give up the sunna of Jesus and the Gospel were lost.
The foregoing is not contradicted by the hadith relating that (2:62) was followed by Allah revealing (3:85), for the hadith merely confirms that no one's way or spiritual works are acceptable unless they conform to the Sacred Law of Muhammad, now that he has been sent with it. As for people prior to this, anyone who followed the messenger of his own time was guided, on the right path, and was saved.
Hadiths
Belief in Allah alone
2:62 makes it necessary to believe in Allah. And according to the Qur'an, believing in Allah alone is mandatory. Thus, "associating partners" with Allah is a sin that will not be forgiven.
Surely
Allah does not forgive that anything should be associated with Him, and forgives what is besides that to whomsoever He pleases; and whoever associates anything with Allah, he devises indeed a great sin.
Belief in the Christian Trinity is considered to be "associating partners" with Allah (i.e. polytheism), and the Qur'an specifically condemns the practice as blasphemy that will lead "disbelievers" to hell.
Certainly they disbelieve who say: Surely Allah, He is the Messiah, son of Marium; and the Messiah said: O Children of Israel! serve Allah, my Lord and your Lord. Surely
whoever associates (others) with Allah, then Allah has forbidden to him the garden, and his abode is the fire; and there shall be no helpers for the unjust.
Certainly they disbelieve who say: Surely Allah is the third (person) of the three; and there is no god but the one Allah, and if they desist not from what they say,
a painful chastisement shall befall those among them who disbelieve.
Hadiths further explain what believing in Allah alone means, clarifying that it is "to testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah" and that "Muhammad is His Apostle".
"
Do you know what is meant by believing in Allah Alone?" They replied, "Allah and His Apostle know better." Thereupon the Prophet said, "
It means: 1. To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad is Allah's Apostle. 2. To offer prayers perfectly 3. To pay the Zakat (obligatory charity) 4. To observe fast during the month of Ramadan. 5. And to pay Al-Khumus (one fifth of the booty to be given in Allah's Cause).
"
Do you know what is meant by believing in Allah Alone?" They replied, "Allah and His Apostle know better." Thereupon the Prophet said, "(
That means to testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that Muhammad is His Apostle, to offer prayers perfectly, to pay Zakat, to observe fasts during the month of Ramadan, (and) to pay Al-Khumus (one fifth of the booty to be given in Allah's cause)."
Christians and Jews thrown into hell
The following narrations are taken from Sahih Muslim (Chapter 8: "Throwing of non-believers in Hell-fire for believers as divine grace and mercy"). They tell us some Muslims will earn their place in Paradise and be spared Hell-Fire by Allah on the Day of Resurrection as Christians and Jews take their place in hell.
Abu Musa' reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: When it will be the Day of Resurrection Allah would deliver to every Muslim a Jew or a Christian and say: That is your rescue from Hell-Fire.
Abu Burda reported on the authority of his father that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: No Muslim would die but Allah would admit in his stead a Jew or a Christian in Hell-Fire. 'Umar b. Abd al-'Aziz took an oath: By One besides Whom there is no god but He, thrice that his father had narrated that to him from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him).
Abu Burda reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: There would come people amongst the Muslims on the Day of Resurrection with as heavy sins as a mountain, and Allah would forgive them and He would place in their stead the Jews and the Christians. (As far as I think), Abu Raub said: I do not know as to who is in doubt. Abu Burda said: I narrated it to 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz, whereupon he said: Was it your father who narrated it to you from Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him)? I said: Yes.
Non-Muslim women used for sex
The following is reported in Ibn Majah, Ibn `Adi in the Kamil, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba`th wal-Nushur. It explains that some Christian and Jewish women, among others, will make it into Paradise after-all. But only as sex slaves for Muslim men. Al-Suyuti marked its chain as “fair” (hasan) in al-Jami` al-Saghir (7989).[1]
Abu Umama said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace:
“None is made to enter Paradise by Allah Most High except Allah Most High shall marry him to seventy-two wives, two of them from the wide-eyed maidens of Paradise and
seventy of them his inheritance from the People of Hellfire, not one of them but her attraction never lags nor his arousal ever wanes.”
Scholars
Jews and Christians that will enter paradise
As far as the Jews are concerning, their faith meant believing in the Tawraat (original Torah) and following the way of Moosa (peace be upon him) until ‘Eesa came, after which whoever continued to follow the Torah and the way of Moosa, and did not leave this and follow ‘Eesa, was doomed. As far as the Christians are concerned, their faith meant believing in the Injeel (original Gospel) and following the laws of ‘Eesa; whoever did this was a believer whose faith was acceptable to Allaah, until Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) came, after which whoever did not follow Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and leave the way of ‘Eesa and the Injeel that he had been following before, was doomed.
Attitude of Islam towards other religions
The ruling of Islam concerning other religions is that they are all either fabricated and false, or abrogated.
Are Christians disbelievers?
The People of the Book are kafirs, and it is obligatory to believe that they are so, as Imam Nawawi explains. There is scholarly consensus on this, because of the clear nature of the texts about this.The Christians at the time of the Prophet (Allah bless him & give him peace) already believed in the Trinity, the divinity of Jesus (peace be upon him), and such things.
Ruling regarding Jews and Christians
The Quran, Sunnah and the consensus of scholars indicate that a man who embraces any religion other than Islam, is a disbeliever. His faith will not be accepted and, in the next life, he will be among those at loss
. . .
There is an explicit text that states that the People of the Book who do not believe in Muhammad, , or deny the Prophethood of any other Prophet, or those who associate deities with Allaah The Almighty, are disbelievers.
. . .
Everything that we have mentioned above is indisputable in Islam; and, anyone who denies or doubts any of it is deemed a disbeliever. Al-Qaadhi ‘Iyaadh reported the consensus of scholars on this matter.
Some Hanbali scholars have added that the one who doubts the disbelief of the People of the Book becomes a disbeliever
Conclusion
There are many verses in the Qur'an that label Christians and Jews as disbelievers, and numerous more that explicitly condemn them and other disbelievers to Hell. There is scholarly consensus on the fact that Christians and Jews are viewed by Islam as kafirs, because of "the clear nature of the texts about this".
If you read verse 2:62 in context, it is referring only to those Christians, Jews, and Sabiens who believed in the time of their own Prophet/Messenger.
Each Revelation abrogated the previous. Thus, after the advent of Prophet Muhammad and Islam, no individual can make it into Paradise unless they accept Allah as God, Muhammad as his last Prophet and the Qur'an as Allah's final book of guidance.
Therefore, the concept of Heavenly rewards in Islam are now exclusively offered to Muslims. Christians and Jews may believe in a single monotheistic god, but they do not believe in "His Messenger". Thus they are destined for the "burning fire".
Additionally, the non-Muslims who do make it into Paradise will only be used as sex-slaves by believing men, Muslims who themselves will be spared hell-fire by Allah on the Day of Resurrection only as a result of Christians and Jews taking their place in Hell.
See Also
External Links
References
