Съвременни педофилски ислямски бракове
Ислямската вяра си затваря очите пред педофилията. Поради тази причина съвременните педофилски ислямски бракове са често срещана практика по света.
Въведение
В много ислямски страни браковете с деца са често срещана практика. Момичета, които са доста под възрастта на пубертета, често биват омъжвани насила за по-възрастни мъже (понякога по на 50 и повече години) заради разнообразни лични облаги за попечителя или с намерението да се запази семейната чест, като по този начин се помага на девойката да избегне предбрачния секс. Най-голямо разпространение педофилските ислямски бракове имат в Пакистан и Афганистан, след тях се нареждат други страни от Близкия Изток и Бангладеш.[1][2] Тази практика вероятно е разпространена и в по-малка степен сред другите мюсюлмански общности, но в същото време е във възход сред нарастващото мюсюлманско население в редица немюсюлмански държави като Великобритания[3]и САЩ.[4]
Статистика
Афганистан
. . .
Проучване на Уницеф проведено между 2000 и 2008 г. заключи, че над 43% от жените в Афганистан са били омъжени непълнолетни, а някои и преди пубертет.
През 2009 г. Human Rights Watch и Unifem, агенция на ООН, класифицират 57% от всички булки като непълнолетни, т.е. под 16-годишна възраст. Въпреки промените в държавните закони, изглежда, че твърде малко се е променило оттогава[5]Азербайджан
93% от населението на Азербайджан се определят като мюсюлмани.[6]
Активисти за правата на жените твърдят, че корумпирани религиозни служители са готови да извършват ислямски церемонии с двойки, при които жената е твърде млада за държавен ритуал, като по този начин я оставят незащитена, ако съпругът ѝ я напусне, необразована и уязвима за медицински усложнения
. . .
В Хачмаз, град близо до границата на Азербайждан с Русия, от 2500 ученици в последен клас на обучението си, почти 130 момичета не ходят на училище, защото са вече омъжени Тя твърди, че директорът не е предприел никакви мерки, въпреки че образованието е задължително.
Изследванията на нейната организация показват всъщност, че проблемите с ранните бракове са най-отчетливи в южните региони до границата с Иран.[7]Бангладеш
Канада
Според статия в Toronto Sun, мюсюлманските деца-булки в Канада се увеличават:
Висшите имиграционни чиновници в Канада и Пакистан казват, че всичко, което могат да направят, е да отхвърлят попечителството на съпрузите, които се опитват да доведат децата-булки в Канада. Мъжете трябва да подадат молба отново, когато булката навърши 16 г. Браковете са позволени от Шариата.
Мъже-мюсюлмани, които са канадски граждани или са постоянно пребиваващи, се завръщат в своята родина, за да се оженят за „дете-булка“ в уреден брак, при който се плаща зестра на родителите на момичето. Чиновниците казват, че булките могат да бъдат на 14 или по-малко години и биват „принудени“ да се омъжат. Тази практика е възникнала в множество държави, в т.ч.: Афганистан, Иран, Пакистан и Ливан.
Невалиден в Канада
Канадският визов чиновник Стив Бълмър казва, че при одобряване на документите е отказал разрешение на пакистанец, който е искал да поеме попечителство над 15-годишна булка през м. август 2009 г.
“Не мога да намеря никакъв параграф (от закона), който да казва, че бракът е „невалиден“ или „недействителен“, пише Бълмър в имейлите до адвоката Ричард Кърланд под режим „Достъп до информация“. „Страхувам се, че възрастта не прави брака невалиден, дори ако е незаконно да се ожениш.”
Абдул Хамеед от канадското посолство в Исламабад казва, че браковете с деца не са валидни в Канада.
“Бракът с дете е наказуем, но това не го прави невалиден”“, казва Хамеед. “Ние отказваме подобни молби, базирайки се, че бракът няма да бъде валиден според канадските закони.”
Уилям Хоуке от Имиграционната служба по постоянно пребиваване казва, че невръстните булки няма да бъдат допуснати в Канада.
„Молбите за попечителство за съпруги под 16-годишна възраст ще бъдат отказани“, казва той.[10]Германия
Първото по своя род федерално проучване откри 3,443 recorded cases in 2008 - the most recent year with sufficient data - in which people living in Germany were forced to wed or threatened with a forced marriage.
Повечето случаи са на жени между 18 и 21 години, а почти една трета са били под 17-годишна възраст. .
. . .
Малайзия
Данните показват, че 32 момичета под 10 години и 445 момичета между 10 и 14 години са преминали през този тест само през 2009 г. в подготовката си за брака!
Трябва да отбележим, че този феномен се случва в по-развитите щати на Малайзия, като най-голям е броят в Пенанг (195), Малака (103) и Джохор (87).[12]Това противоречи на допускането, че понастоящем браковете с деца намаляват заради промяната в културните тенденции.
През последната година [2009 г.] 49 мюсюлмански момичета под 16-годишна възраст и 39 момчета под 18 г. са сключили брак.
Според статистиката, предоставена от Федералния религиозен отдел, тези цифри са се повишили в сравнение с предходната година.
. . .
През 2008 г. 40 момичета и 28 момчета под разрешената възраст са регистрирали своите бракове.
. . .
Мароко
Според данните от министерството на правосъдието, над 31 000 непълнолетни момичета са били омъжени през 2008 г., докато през 2007 г. техният брой е бил 29 847.[14]
Нигерия
Последиците са ужасяващи. Нигерия е с едно от най-високите степени на смъртност при родилките в Африка и с една от най-високите стойности на фистула в света – състояние, което може да се появи, когато натискът от детераждането отваря дупка между вагината и пикочния мехур или ректума. Много жени остават инконтинентни за цял живот. Над 800 000 жени страдат от фистула в Нигерия.
. . .
Д-р Ваалдайк оперира над 600 жени за година, без ток, без течаща вода… Някои са били напуснати от мъжете си – смята се, че почти половината от подрастващите момичета са разведени… Нигерийското федерално правителство се е опитало да обяви браковете с деца за незаконни. През 2003 г. то приема Акт за правата на детето, с който се забраняват браковете под 18-годишна възраст. Въпреки това в северните мюсюлмански щати е налице яростна съпротива срещу Акта, като много хора го описват като антиислямски.
. . .
Половината от 36-те щата на Нигерия са одобрили Акта, но той бива приет само в един от 12-те мюсюлмански щати – но дори и този единствен щат прави фундаментална поправка, като заменя 18-годишната възраст с термина „пубертет“.
Палестинската територия
Местните организации за правата на човека са дълбоко разтревожени заради браковете с деца в палестинското общество. Участниците в нарочно свикана конференция през м. януари 2008 г. в Газа, посветена на този проблем и организирана от Палестинското общество за медицинска помощ, предупредиха за „значителния растеж в броя на браковете с деца“ и неговите тежки психологически и физически последици върху младежта[16][17]
Саудитска Арабия
Турция
Според фондацията, обикновено се сключват бракове чрез религиозна церемония и се отлага гражданският брак до навършване на изискваната възраст. "Докато в Турция има хора, които казват, че това е в реда на нещата и такива, които използват исляма, за да го оправдаят, големият проблем си остава," “, казва Аманда Акчакоджа, анализатор при Центъра за европейска политика в Брюксел.[19]
Великобритания
Над 770 заподозряни случая са съобщени на организацията Forced Marriage Unit за тази година, а през 2005 г. са били 152.
Ако тенденцията се запази до края на годината, над 1540 британци ще бъдат принудени да встъпят в брак, който не желаят – увеличение с над 913%.
Тази практика засяга главно млади азиатски жени, като над една трета от случаите включват лица на възраст под 18 г. Една на всеки шест жертви е под 16 г..
Съветниците говорят за работата си със стотици ученици, които са споделили на своите учители страха си, че през лятната ваканция ще бъдат отведени в чужбина и ще бъдат принудени да сключат брак.[20]Yemen
Но след приемането на закона от Парламента, хиляди консервативни йеменски жени проведоха демонстрация пред парламента през последния месец, като протестираха срещу въвеждането на минимална възраст за сключване на брак. [Те държаха Корана в ръцете си, докато твърдяха, че предложеният закон е неислямски].[21] Заради опозицията срещу предложения закон, той не влезе в сила. Ако този закон беше приет, родителите на (непълнолетните) деца, сключили брак, можеха да бъдат глобени с 500$ или осъдени на 1 година затвор.[22]
Оправданието на мюсюлманите
Позволено е в Корана
Мюсюлманите оправдават педофилските бракове с момичета на крехка възраст, като използват стихове от Корана, които ясно подкрепят тази ужасна практика. Коранът не може да бъде поставян под съмнение от мюсюлманите, понеже той не просто се смята за „вдъхновен“, а се приема като самото слово на Аллах, изречено от Неговия последен пратеник Мухаммад. Моралният релативизъм няма приложение в исляма, тъй като Коранът е вечното послание на Аллах към човечеството и е толкова уместен днес, както и когато първите откровения са излезли от устните на Мухаммад.
Споменатата по-горе дума „кръвотечение“ (в черен курсив text) най-правилно се превежда като „менструация“, което е точното значение на арабската дума в този контекст (т.е. Яхидне, يَحِضْنَ).
Permitted by Muslim Scholars and Leaders
We hear a lot in the media about the marriage of underage girls. We should know that Shariah law has not brought injustice to women.[24]
There are many Ahadith which confirm that marriage at an early age was widespread among the companions and no one denied its permissibility. Getting married at an early age was not peculiar to the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam) as some people think, but it was general for him and for his Ummah.
The following are some of the actions of the Sahaba (companions):
1. Ali Ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, married his daughter, Um Kulthum to Omar Ibn Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, and she mothered a child before the death of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam). Omar got married to her while she was young before reaching the age of puberty. This is reported by Ibn Saad in 'Al-Tabaqat'.
2. From Urwa Ibn Zubair: that Zubair, may Allah be pleased with him, married his daughter when she was very young. Reported by Saeed Ibn Mansour, in his Sunnah, and Ibn Abi Shaibah, in Al-musannaf, with a Sahih chain of narration.
Al-Shafie said in the book of Al-Um: "Many companions of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam) married their daughters while these were still young."
Delaying the marriage of girls in many Muslim countries is something new and contradictory to what Muslims used to do over many centuries. This is because of westernization and the application of man-made laws. This caused a change in understandings and customs within a considerable number of the population, and it is absolutely not permissible to consider the customs and traditions in a given country as the standard by which people abide, and fail to obey the absolute evidences of Shariah.
In some Muslim countries, the marriage for girls has been delayed by many years beyond the age of puberty. This has indeed led to an increase in the removal of the veil from the face, and increased fornication and adultery, as well as the emergence of deviation in conduct and religion among the youth. They had become morally unstable as they lack affection, chastity, and protection their private parts from illegal sexual relations.
By delaying marriage, there is also a reduction in the number of Muslims in the Ummah, and this is contrary to the order of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam), as he ordered us to have many children so that the Muslim nation will be greater in number than the previous nations.Islamweb, Fatwa No. 88089, June 24, 2004
Islamic Q & A Online with Mufti Ebrahim Desai, Ask-Imam, Question No. 6737
Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid, Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 1493
- The only guardians who may compel their charge to marry are a virgin bride's father or father's father, compel meaning to marry her to a suitable match (def: m4) without her consent.
- Those who may not compel her are not entitled to marry her to someone unless she accepts and gives her permission.
Whenever the bride is a virgin, the father or father's father may marry her to someone without her permission, though it is recommended to ask her permission if she has reached puberty. A virgin's silence is considered as permission.[33]
Committed by Muhammad
- Main Article: Muhammad and the Clinical Definition of Pedophilia
Another justification is that Muhammad, who is considered the Uswa Hasana (perfect example) by all Muslims, at the age of 54, also indulged in a pedophilic marriage with Aisha, a 9 year old girl.
Committed by Muhammad's Companions
Umar ibn al-Khattab, the 2rd Caliph of Islam, at the age of 55 married Umm Kulthum bint Ali when she was between 10 and 12 years old. Some sources even say that she was five years old when Umar married her.
Example Cases Around the World
Australia
In September 2010, a 14-year-old girl from Melbourne was saved from an arranged marriage to an adult stranger by a court's ban on her travelling overseas until she turns 18. Her Muslim family (originally from Macedonia) was also forced to surrender the child's passport and cannot apply for a new one.[39]
Bangladesh
September 4 2009, in Barisal, Bangladesh, 75-year old moneylender Lokman Sikder was given 13-year old Akhinur in marriage, by her father, as payment for his unpaid loan of Tk 4,000. Lokman Sikder was previously known to the child as 'Lokman Nana' (grandfather).[40]
In 2011, Mufti Fazlul Haque Amini threatened to wage jihad in the country if the government passed any law banning child marriage. He said, two hundred thousand Jihadists of his group are ready to 'sacrifice' lives if any such law, which goes against "Qur'an and Sunnah" be passed by the government.[38]
Indonesia
In Indonesia, a 43-year-old Muslim cleric married a 12-year-old girl in front of thousands of people in the Central Java Province in August of 2008. Not long after the marriage ceremony, police returned the girl to her parents' care. The cleric also announced his intention to marry two other girls aged 7 and 9. In March 2009, he and the girl's father were arrested. The cleric argued that he had committed no crime because he intended to wait until she reached puberty before consummating their relationship.[41]
Iran
Malaysia
In August, 2010, the Malaysian State of southern Malacca legalized child marriages specifically between Muslim men and Muslim girls below the age of 16. In a country where Muslims now amount to 60% of the total population, they enforce "Sharia law which operates in parallel with the civil legal system." Ivy Josiah, the executive director of the Women's Aid Organisation, says "It is really a regressive move. It is turning back the clock." [43] News like this leaves one wondering what will happen to child abuse laws in Western countries once Muslims form a sizable portion of the population. In February 2010, two girls aged 10 and 11 were wed to middle-aged men in the state of Kelantan. The 11-year-old was found outside a mosque and was taken to hospital for treatment. Sharia court officials have said that her marriage was not officially approved.[44] In December 2010, 23-year-old teacher Abdul Manan Othman married 14-year-old Siti Maryam Mahmod in a mass wedding at a major mosque, after being given permission in an Islamic Sharia court. The Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of legal affairs has shot down calls to ban underage marriage, stating "If the religion allows it, then we can't legislate against it."[45]
Pakistan
In some cases, daughters are sold to other tribesmen by their own fathers as an alternative way of settling debt, which is usually accumulated as a result of gambling. The benefactor as a result marries his young bounty so that she may not have any excuse for returning to her native home (in the same concept as how ordinary people spend money that they acquire) [46].
There have also been cases, especially in Pakistan where daughters (sometimes as young as 3)[47] have been sold to others for personal gain, usually to raise money for gambling, drinking, smoking and consuming drugs. Prices for child brides usually range from PKRs 80,000 to PKRs 200,000 (~US$ 1,340 to ~US$ 3,350). In March 2004 in Sindh province, Pakistan, a man was charged for selling his 7 year old daughter to a 35 year old man for marriage. In another rather peculiar case, a 13-year old girl, bought for PKRs 53,000 (~US$ 888) was later rejected by her buyer on the ground that the girl was not "healthy" enough, and he demanded a "healthier" girl from the seller[48].
Another form of pedophilic marriage is linked to a tribal custom called Vani, which is a common practice in the Punjab province of Pakistan and the tribal areas bordering Afghanistan. This custom is tied to blood feuds among the differing tribes and clans where the young girls are forcibly married-off in order to resolve the feuds. The Vani could be avoided if the clan of the girl agrees to pay money in lieu, called Deet. Otherwise the young bride will have to pay for the crime of her male relatives by spending the rest of her life with a rival tribesman.[49] In early January of 2010, ten people including a Muslim cleric and the father of the girls, were arrested for participating in "a jirga that declared two girls vani" in Pakistan. The girls (ages 9 and 3) were being used to resolve a marriage dispute.[50]
Another rather similar concept is called Badal, or revenge. This custom is strong in Pashtun society native to northern Pakistan and Afghanistan, and leads to a need for disputes to be settled quickly to avoid further bloodshed. Girls are treated as second-class citizens when they are sent to be a bride in a new family to mend ties.[48]
Finally, we have forced conversions of minors via marriage. This is when children from minority communities, such as the Hindus' and Christians, are kidnapped, forcibly converted to Islam, and married off to one of the kidnappers. These types of marriages have seen a sharp rise in recent years, due to the general indifference among the police forces towards the plight of the non-Muslim, and laws which prevent the return of 'Muslim' children to their non-Muslim parents. As was the case for the Christian mother Sajida Masih,[51] who's 12 year-old daughter Huma was abducted at gunpoint by Muhammad Imran on the 23rd of February, 2009. When the terrified mother reported the crime to Sadar police station in Gujranwala, the police ridiculed her, and told her there was nothing they could do as she is now a Muslim.
In September 2011, a 12-year-old girl was given in marriage to an 85-year-old man in Chiniot. Rani was sold to her fathers rival for five acres of land, thus a blood debt. Langrana Station House Officer (SHO) Zafar Bhatti said that he had conducted a raid at the marriage ceremony but found that no laws were broken. “I cannot arrest anyone here because the girl is an adult as per Islamic Law and Shariah. She is 12-years-old and that is not too young for marriage.”[52]
In October 2011, Kot Shakir police arrested three men for marrying a 1-year-old infant to a 24-year-old man.[53]
Saudi Arabia
As recent as May 2009, A Saudi sheikh performed a wedding ceremony between a 10-year-old girl and a 26-year-old man. The reason for this? The girl's father said that he married off his daughter, as he feared she would remain a spinster.[54]In 2008 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, another marriage between an 8 year old girl and a 58-year old-man was validated by a local court (other sources place his age at 47), and a plea by the girl's mother to nullify the marriage was rejected. The girl was apparently sold into the marriage by her father for SR 30,000 (~US$ 7,994) to ease the financial difficulty he was facing.[55] A second attempt to have the marriage annulled was struck down by the same judge who denied the girl's mother as a witness in court because she was separated from her husband and therefore not the girl's legal guardian (under Shari'a). The judge ruled that the girl could seek a divorce when she reached puberty, and he required that the husband sign an agreement not to consummate the marriage until the girl reached puberty.[56] In August 2009, a Saudi father returned his 10-year-old daughter to her elderly husband who was reportedly 80 years old. The girl had been hiding with her aunt for over a week until she was discovered by her father. Originally the girl's older sister was betrothed to the man, but when the elder girl chose instead to further her education, their father gave the 10-year-old to him as a replacement bride. The husband insisted that "My marriage is not against Shariah. It included the elements of acceptance and response by the father of the bride."[57] In February 2010, a 12-year-old girl, fighting to divorce an 80-year-old man who paid her father $22,000 for permission to marry her, suddenly dropped her divorce request. She failed to appear in court on the day the judge was supposed to issue his decision. No news was further reported as to why she dropped the case.[58]
United Kingdom
According to 2009 government figures in the UK, forced marriages have seen a ten-fold rise in just four years. One-third of these cases involve victims aged under 18, and one-sixth under the age of 16.[3] While it is reported to be a problem mainly concentrated within the "Asian" communities, this is usually a politically-correct term given to any sensitive issues concerning the Muslim population. This has been previously witnessed with the media handling of the 2001 "race riots" in Oldham, Bradford and Burnley. The government, and the then home secretary David Blunkett, were secretly warned by the head of the Commission for Racial Equality, Gurbux Singh, that more violence was to be expected from "Young Muslims who feel disenfranchised" living among the many "Muslim" hotspots in the UK.[59]
United States
On the 4th of August 2009, 23 year-old Vincent Mosby paid a dowry (consisting of a watch and a ring purchased from Wal-Mart) and married a 14-year-old child in a religious ceremony held in her parents home, and attended by two other members of the Kansas City mosque the child bride's step-father belongs to. The parents say they pressured their daughter into the marriage, due to fears of her becoming sexually active with a boy her own age. Mosby was charged with statutory rape in November 2009.[60]
Yemen
In September 2009, a 12-year-old Yemeni girl who was forced into marriage died during a painful childbirth which also killed her baby.[61] In 2008, 10-year-old Nujood Ali went to a courthouse by herself, after attempts to get help from relatives failed, and demanded a divorce, generating a landmark legal case. The judge granted the girl a permanent divorce from her 30-year-old husband who had raped and beaten Nujood on their wedding night. Her lawyer said that they were "lucky with this judge. Another judge might not have accepted her in court, and would have asked her father or brother to come instead." Had that happened, Nujood would probably still be married. However, based on the principles of Shariah law, her husband was compensated, not prosecuted. Nujood was ordered to pay him more than $200 -- a huge amount in a country where the United Nations Development Programme says 15.7 percent of the population lives on less than $1 a day. She also feels like an outcast among her relatives and friends.[62] Just weeks after Nujood's case, 9-year-old Arwa Abdu Muhammad Ali ran away from her 35-year-old husband to a local hospital and reported that she had been beaten and sexually abused for eight months. The judge who heard her case briefly jailed the local judge who had approved the marriage contract. Arwa's husband refused to show up to court.[63] Also in 2008, Reem, a Yemeni girl married at 12, sought a divorce from her 30-year-old husband after he choked her, bit her, dragged her by the hair, and raped her when she resisted his demands for sex. He imprisoned her in his house for 11 days during which time she tried to kill herself with a kitchen knife before being rescued by her mother.[64] Her father had forced her into the marriage with her cousin, resorting to a gag and tying her up twice. He also threatened to kill the girl for defying him.[65]
Conclusion
In countries like Yemen, Bangladesh, Iran, and Northern Nigeria, attempts at reforming laws and banning child marriages have been opposed and stopped on the grounds that such a ban would be un-Islamic,[15][32][38][22][21] and in the case of Malaysia, the growing Muslim population has effectively turned back the clock on social progress by passing new laws which allow for the practice of pedophilic marriages specifically between followers of Islam.[43] So one has to agree that whatever reasons and justification people may give for the prevalence of child marriages in Muslim-majority nations, without Islam this practice would have long been discarded as immoral and unacceptable in the modern world.
See Also
- Pedophilia in the Qur'an
- Marriage - Страница, която води до други статии, свързани с Marriage
External Links
- Photo op: Child brides in Afghanistan - Images of pedophilic Islamic marriages
- Child Brides - Child Marriage: What We Know - PBS, October 12, 2007
- Before She's Ready: 15 Places Girls Marry by 15 - World Vision, 2008
- Muhammad, Aisha, Islam, and Child Brides - Silas, Answering-Islam
- Child Marriage Fact Sheet - International Center for Research on Women
References
- ↑ America Magazine: Child Marriage in Afghanistan and Pakistan, by Andrew Bushell; March 11, 2002
- ↑ Americans For UNFPA: Virtual Slavery: The Practice of “Compensation Marriages” by Net Community of AfUNFPA; last retrieved Monday, 08 December 2008
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Ten-fold rise in forced marriages in just four years - The Daily Mail, July 2, 2009
- ↑ Christine Vendel - Man charged with statutory rape in ‘marriage’ to 14-year-old girl - The Kansas City Star, November 8, 2009
- ↑ Robert Fox - Girl, eight, sold to Afghan police officer as his bride - London Evening Standard, October 6, 2011
- ↑ Middle East :: Azerbaijan - The World Factbook, August 19, 2010
- ↑ Diana Isayeva - Early Marriages Worry Azerbaijan Officials - Institute for War & Peace Reporting, November 6, 2009
- ↑ Child Marriage Factsheet: State of World Population 2005 - UNFPA
- ↑ Child Protection - UNICEF
- ↑ Tom Godfrey - Muslim child brides on rise - Toronto Sun, March 11, 2010
- ↑ Young women face forced marriage in Germany - Agence France-Presse, November 12, 2011
- ↑ Zainah Anwar - Nothing divine in child marriage - Sisters in Islam,
- ↑ Joanne - Too young to wed? - International Campaign Against Honour Killings, June 20, 2010
- ↑ Sarah Touahri - Child marriage in Morocco criticised - Magharebia, May 5, 2009
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 "Nigeria Child Brides-Broken Lives", Times Online, November 28, 2008 (archived), http://www.wunrn.com/news/2008/11_08/11_24_08/112408_nigeria.htm.
- ↑ Jonathan Dahoh-Halevi - Antonia Zerbisias and Pedophilia in Palestinian Society - ShalomLife, February 26, 2010
- ↑ aryouth - Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics Website, 2001
- ↑ Fatima Sidiya - Saudi Child marriages, an issue still not resolved - Arab News, March 9, 2011
- ↑ Sex case grips country amid young-brides split - Hürriyet Daily, November 26, 2008
- ↑ Ten-fold rise in forced marriages in just four years - The Daily Mail, July 2, 2009
- ↑ 21,0 21,1 YEMEN: Deep divisions over child brides - IRIN, March 28, 2010
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 yessir - Child Marriage - Death Of 13 Year Old Bride After Wedding - A BIG MESSAGE, April 10, 2010
- ↑ Carla Power - Nujood Ali & Shada Nasser win “Women of the Year Fund 2008 Glamour Award” - Glamour Magazine, November 13, 2008
- ↑ Top Saudi cleric: OK for young girls to wed - CNN, January 17, 2009
- ↑ Carlyle Murphy - Child marriage case showcases deep splits in Saudi society - GlobalPost, April 16, 2009
- ↑ Fatwa in favour of 9-year-old girl marriage, Polemics - ANSAmed, September 8, 2008
- ↑ Parvin Darabi - Ayatollah Khomeini's Religious Teachings on Marriage, Divorce and Relationships - Dr. Homa Darabi Foundation
- ↑ Y. Admon - Rising Criticism of Child Bride Marriages in Saudi Arabia - MEMRI: Inquiry and Analysis No. 502
- ↑ Saudi cleric condones child rape! - YouTube
- ↑ LBC TV (Lebanon) - June 19, 2008 - 03:08 - MEMRI TV, Video Clip No. 1798
- ↑ Moroccan theologian: Muslim girls can wed at nine - Middle East Online, September 15, 2008
- ↑ 32,0 32,1 "I Could Marry Off My Six Year Old Daughter If I So Wished, Senator Ahmed Yerima Replies Critics", The Nigeria Today, July 21, 2013 (archived), http://thenigeriatoday.net/i-could-marry-off-my-six-year-old-daughter-if-i-so-wished-senator-ahmed-yerima-replies-critics/.
- ↑ Reliance of the Traveller/Book M: Marriage - (full text online)
- ↑ Islamists Fight Yemen Law Banning Child Marriage - Fox News, April 16, 2009
- ↑ Questions Related to Marriage/ Is it allowed for a father to force his daughter to marry a specific man that she does not want to marry? - Muslim Students Organization of the University of Houston
- ↑ Adil Salahi - Marriage in Islam/Marriage at an early age - Islamic Voice, Vol 12-08 No:140, August 1998
- ↑ Jenny Cuff - Child marriage and divorce in Yemen - BBC, November 6, 2008
- ↑ 38,0 38,1 38,2 Islamist leader threatens of waging Jihad - Weekly Blitz, April 20, 2011
- ↑ Peter Mickelburough - Father banned from marrying off 14-year-old daughter - Herald Sun, September 15, 2010
- ↑ Rafiqul Islam - Loan shark's awful act - The Daily Star, September 13, 2009
- ↑ Indonesia Muslim Cleric Detained for Marriage to 12-Year-Old - Associated Press, Fox News, March 18, 2009
- ↑ Azad Moradian - Domestic Violence against Single and Married Women in Iranian Society - Iranian.com, September 10, 2009
- ↑ 43,0 43,1 Outcry over Malaysian child marriages - Sydney Morning Herald, August 4, 2010
- ↑ Joanne - Religion minister rejects child marriage reform - International Campaign Against Honour Killings, March 17, 2010
- ↑ Underage marriages are allowed in Islam, says Nazri - Daily Express, December 9, 2010
- ↑ Nadia Usman - Nazim, NGO, police intervene to stop child marriage - Daily Times Pakistan, April 17, 2008
- ↑ Guardian UK: 15 child brides used to settle Pakistan feud, by Declan Walsh in Islamabad (Pakistan); Thursday June 5 2008
- ↑ 48,0 48,1 Giraldus Cambrensis - Pakistan- Muslim Child Bride For Sale - Western Resistance, April 17, 2006
- ↑ Barbara Plett - Forced child marriage tests Pakistan law in Sultanwala - BBC News, December 5, 2005
- ↑ Cleric among 10 held in vani case - The News, January 4, 2010
- ↑ Pakistani Muslim Forces 12-year-old Girl to Convert, Marry Him - Compass Direct News, June 4, 2009
- ↑ Shamsul Islam - Child marriage: 12-year-old girl given in wani to 85-year-old - The Express Tribune, October 1, 2011
- ↑ Shamsul Islam - Wani tradition: 3 arrested for marrying infant to 24-year-old - The Express Tribune, October 11, 2011
- ↑ thememriblog; In Saudi Arabia, Girl, 10, Wed To Man, 26 - MEMRI blog (Al-Watan, Saudi Arabia, May 6, 2009)
- ↑ Ian Black - Saudi girl, eight, married off to 58-year-old is denied divorce - The Guardian, December 23, 2008
- ↑ Mohammed Jamjoom - UNICEF 'deeply concerned' about marriage of 8-year-old - CNN, April 14, 2009
- ↑ Child bride turned over to 80-year-old husband - Arab News, August 26, 2009
- ↑ Joel Brinkley - Child marriage still an issue in Saudi Arabia - The San Francisco Chronicle, March 14, 2010
- ↑ Home affairs editor, Alan Travis- 'Summer of race riots' feared after clashes in 2001 - The Guardian, December 28, 2006
- ↑ Christine Vendel - Man charged with statutory rape in ‘marriage’ to 14-year-old girl - The Kansas City Star, November 8, 2009
- ↑ Mohammed Jamjoom - Yemeni girl, 12, dies in painful childbirth - CNN, September 14, 2009
- ↑ Paula Newton - Child bride's nightmare after divorce - CNN, September 4, 2009
- ↑ Robert F. Worth - Tiny Voices Defy Child Marriage in Yemen - The New York Times, June 29, 2008
- ↑ Jenny Cuff - Child marriage and divorce in Yemen - BBC, November 6, 2008
- ↑ Child Bride Fights Against Forced Marriage - America.gov, March 6, 2009